Translator

Translators are highly skilled linguists specialising in converting the written word from one language into one or more other languages. They normally translate into their own mother tongue and are required to produce authentic, idiomatic and accurate versions, which mirror the tone and levels of meaning of the originals. They may work on educational material, legal documents, literary works, media translation, or scientific, technical or commercial material, including reports, brochures, letters and manuals.

Some translators specialise in one type of work. Others work on a mixture of subjects and projects. They need to know any technical terms and specialist phrases used in both languages they are working on, and refer regularly to specialist dictionaries and reference books.

Entry level
Most translators hold a degree in languages or in translation and interpreting, or a combined degree of languages with another subject, such as business or law. Entry to a degree course is usually with a minimum of two A levels/three H grades, including languages, and five GCSEs/S grades (A-C/1-3). Graduates who move on to a postgraduate degree course in translating have more opportunity of obtaining a good job, with better pay. Some also live and work in another country for a while, to gain first-hand experience and use of the language.

The Chartered Institute of Linguists offers exams that validate skills in a range of languages. These include a Diploma in Translation, which is a recognised qualification and may offer an alternative to a degree course. Most international organisations require ability in two foreign languages, relevant to their type of work, e.g. member countries' languages to work for the European Union (EU). For the United Nations (UN), languages include Arabic, Chinese and Russian.

Making the grade
CILT has developed National Language Standards for professional linguists, designed to reinforce and enhance the status of translators and interpreters. The standards consist of a range of units, such as 'prepare for translation assignments' or 'develop your performance as a translator'. The standards include the availability of NVQ/SVQ Level 4 in Translation.

The Chartered Institute of Linguists and the Institute of Translation and Interpreting both have membership schemes providing networking opportunities and information for members, together with short courses/weekend workshops for skills updating and professional development.

UK and international organisations have a graded career structure with opportunities for promotion to senior translator or, occasionally, department head. This is sometimes also possible in larger companies. To be eligible for promotion, you must continue your professional development, updating skills and awareness of issues relevant to your field of work.

As many translators are freelance, progression can also depend on running and marketing an effective business.

Personal qualities
As a translator, you must be able to write impeccably in your mother tongue, preferably in a variety of styles. An enquiring mind would be essential, with a particular interest in researching and understanding commercial or technical issues. In addition to your mastery of at least one foreign language, you must have a thorough knowledge of the institutions, culture, attitudes and practices in the countries where that language is spoken, normally acquired through residence there.

You would need to be capable of working alone in front of a computer screen, armed with specialist dictionaries and reference books, working at speed to find the right words and phrases. Editing and IT skills would come together in the growing use of computerised translating programs, which produce fast but rough drafts for revision to an acceptable final standard.

Looking ahead
There is strong competition for full-time jobs in translating, but the number of jobs remains stable. Translators may find employment with international organisations, such the EU or the UN, UK government departments, including the Diplomatic Service and Department for Trade and Industry, or large companies trading internationally.

Jobs may be advertised in national newspapers, but it is useful to contact the major organisations direct. There are also job opportunities pages on some of the websites listed below.

Freelance translators may find work with smaller organisations and through translation agencies. It is possible to make a full-time living in freelance translating, but it may be necessary to take on language teaching or interpreting work as well.

Alternative suggestions
Other possibilities might include civil servant, interpreter, secretary linguist, teacher, tour operator or university lecturer.

Take-home pay
How much you earn could depend on your language combinations, your subject areas and your speed and reputation. You would normally quote a freelance rate based on every 1,000 words translated, ranging from around £75 to £100 per 1,000 words for French or German to £180 for every 1,000 Chinese characters.

Salaries for full-time employment vary considerably, from around £19,000 for a young graduate to £60,000 or more for an experienced specialist.

Effects
Translators at companies and organisations usually work around 35 hours per week. Freelance translators may work longer hours, including evenings and weekends, to meet deadlines.

Most freelance translators work from home, but some may work in the office of the organisation for which they are working at the time.

Sources of information
CILT - National Centre for Languages: www.cilt.org.uk and www.blis.org.uk (jobs) European Commission: www.cec.org.uk
Chartered Institute of Linguists: www.iol.org.uk
Institute of Translation and Interpreting: www.iti.org.uk
United Nations: www.un.org/
Association of Translation Companies: www.atc.org.uk

CRCI: K