Systems Analyst

Systems analysts are Information and Communications Technology (ICT) specialists, who design tailor-made computer systems for larger users such as banks, supermarkets, insurance companies, utilities, government departments and defence systems. It is their job to investigate and analyse a business problem in detail, in both a commercial and technical context, and specify one or more designs for computer systems to provide possible solutions.

Systems analysts begin by discussing the nature of the ICT problem with managers and other users in order to establish exactly what is required. They then plan the structure of the new system, setting out in detail the data to be used, input and output files needed and the mathematical and logical operations to be performed. They may also prepare a cost-benefit analysis to help management decide whether the proposed programming project is worth undertaking.

Once the project is approved, they specify the particular files and records to be used by the program, determine the sequence of processing, and design how the final output will look. After the program is written, they oversee the testing and evaluation process and make sure that any problems are corrected.

The final stage is to draw up a detailed implementation plan, write relevant user manuals and set up staff training programmes.

Entry level
The computer industry is flexible about qualifications and many employers find that relevant experience can be a greater asset than formal academic qualifications. Many people develop computer skills, for example, when working in other fields such as financial services, insurance, banking or accounting. A computer-related degree could undoubtedly prove useful - and there are many to choose from - but would be by no means essential.

An alternative entry route for young people is to enter ICT work directly through a Modern Apprenticeship (Skillseeker in Scotland). There are no set entry requirements, but employers would want to be sure that you are motivated and enthusiastic and can benefit from the training.

Making the grade
Many employers provide training both in systems analysis and in software applications. Sometimes this is part of introductory ICT training, along with programming training, but it is more commonly given when you move into systems analysis work. This training can lead to professional qualifications, including those of the British Computer Society, the Institute for the Management of Information Systems and the National Computing Centre. Companies such as Microsoft also offer their own professional certification.

Personal qualities
You would need good overall awareness of computer systems, hardware, programming and software. You must also fully understand the needs of business and industry. Good communication skills would be essential to liaise with programmers and hardware providers as well as end users. You would have to develop good investigative and presentation skills, the ability to communicate well with staff at all levels, report writing, planning and negotiating skills.

A logical and analytical mind is essential, together with a systematic approach to problem solving. Accuracy and attention to detail are equally vital.

Looking ahead
Systems analysts are employed across the whole range of commerce and industry, public services, utilities, defence and research. Because the possible uses of computers are so varied and complex, you might choose to specialise in business, scientific, engineering, or microcomputer applications. Despite the recent drop in demand for ICT specialists, promotion opportunities for experienced systems analysts are excellent. Even more rapid advancement is often possible if you are prepared to change employers to improve your conditions and career prospects.

Promotion to senior or principal analyst and then to project manager is the normal route, but an alternative, with the right experience, is to become self-employed and work on a contract or consultancy basis. You could also work in ICT training or technical writing. Many opportunities occur overseas.

Alternative suggestions
There are many new job titles emerging in the computer industry, making it important to keep in touch with latest developments. You might consider training as a helpdesk administrator, multimedia programmer, network manager, software engineer or webmaster.

Take-home pay
There are no set pay scales and your annual salary would depend very much on your experience and qualifications. As a guide, salaries range from around £25,000 to £50,000 and more for very senior jobs involving project management.

Effects
Most systems analysts have a normal working week of between 37 and 40 hours. However, the intense nature of the work, which often involves deadlines and emergency problem solving, can lead to overtime and weekend working which will be reflected in the salary earned. If you work as a consultant, you would spend much of your time on clients' premises. This may involve local travel or being away from home for lengthy periods.

Sources of information
British Computer Society: www.bcs.org.uk
British Interactive Media Association: www.bima.co.uk
e-skills UK: www.e-skills.com
Institute for the Management of Information Systems: www.imis.org.uk
National Computing Centre: www.ncc.co.uk

CRCI: D